In 1973 Drs. Kenneth L. Jones and David W. Smith identified a specific pattern of malformations, growth deficiencies and Central Nervous System (CNS) dysfunctions that were observable in some offspring of alcoholic mothers. They termed this disorder Fetal Alcohol Syndrome(FAS).

At birth, children with FAS can be recognized by growth deficiency, a characteristic set of minor facial traits, and evidence of central nervous system dysfunction. They also show difficulties in learning,
memory, attention, problem solving, social interactions mental health. By far the most devastating effects are the effects of alcohol-induced damage to the developing brain. Because the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on the developing brain appear to be long lasting and incapacitating, research has concentrated on brain malformations as well as cognitive and behavioral abnormalities.
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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) was first described by William Still in 1902. It was later discovered that children who survived the viral encephalitis and meningitis outbreak in 1918
demonstrated symptoms of ADD. Over time, the terminology evolved from Still's original label of "morally defective" to "minimal brain damage" in the 1930's, and "minimal brain dysfunction" in the 1960's. Ultimately, it acquired the name we know today, ADHD.

ADHD is a diagnosis applied to children and adults who consistently display certain characteristic behaviors over a period of time.
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